Lincoln County Colorado was formed in 1889 from parts of Elbert and Bent Counties.  Geographically, the county forms a backward block L, which is 72 miles long and 48 miles wide in the south, but only 30 miles wide in the north. The total area of Lincoln County is 2,593 square miles of rolling prairie with several river valleys and numerous sand hills.

Lincoln County geographically is part of the high plains portion of the Colorado Piedmont, and as such, the terrain is generally flat and ranges in elevation from 4,500 feet in the southeast to approximately 5,400 feet in the northwest. Interstate Highway 70 crosses the upper portion of the county and intersects with US-24 and State Highway 71 in Limon, and just east of Limon intersects with US 40/287 which goes through Hugo all the way to Texas. More than 9400 vehicles exit I-70 in Limon daily. More than a million cars and trucks pass through the Town of Hugo.